This study examines strategies to minimize credit risk associated with firm loans, focusing on effective risk management techniques. The research incorporates credit risk management theories and involves a sample of 265 bank loan customers in Bangalore, who provided insights through a structured questionnaire. Key factors analysed include loan defaults, credit risk, insurance charges, interest rates, credit scores, and documentation. Descriptive and correlation analyses were used to interpret the results. Findings reveal significant relationships between credit score, insurance charges, loan defaults, and interest rates when obtaining business loans. In addition, qualitative data from email conversations with customers offer deeper insights into their perspectives. Based on these findings, the study suggests that private sector banks enhance their credit risk management practices to mitigate the risks of defaults, which can negatively impact profitability. The research highlights key challenges within the case bank's current risk management strategies and offers recommendations for addressing these issues. Further research is recommended to explore the broader implications for credit risk management in private sector banks.
This study examines strategies to minimize credit risk associated with firm loans, focusing on effective risk management techniques. The research incorporates credit risk management theories and involves a sample of 265 bank loan customers in Bangalore, who provided insights through a structured questionnaire. Key factors analysed include loan defaults, credit risk, insurance charges, interest rates, credit scores, and documentation. Descriptive and correlation analyses were used to interpret the results. Findings reveal significant relationships between credit score, insurance charges, loan defaults, and interest rates when obtaining business loans. In addition, qualitative data from email conversations with customers offer deeper insights into their perspectives. Based on these findings, the study suggests that private sector banks enhance their credit risk management practices to mitigate the risks of defaults, which can negatively impact profitability. The research highlights key challenges within the case bank's current risk management strategies and offers recommendations for addressing these issues. Further research is recommended to explore the broader implications for credit risk management in private sector banks.
Over the decade following the 2011 revolution, Tunisia's exchange regime has exhibited a notable divergence between its de jure and de facto classifications. While Tunisian authorities have predominantly claimed adherence to a floating exchange regime—except during 2013–2015—the International Monetary Fund (IMF) consistently classified it as a crawl-like regime, except in 2017. This discrepancy, though not unique to Tunisia, is noteworthy given the nation’s post-revolution shift from dictatorship to democracy, a system that ostensibly demands greater transparency and accountability. The IMF’s adoption of a de facto classification framework since 1999 aimed to address such inconsistencies, yet the persistence of this divergence in Tunisia raises an important question: does this dichotomy reflect an enduring reality of Tunisia’s exchange rate policy, or is it a byproduct of limitations in the IMF’s classification methodology? This paper explores Tunisia's de facto exchange regime over the post-revolution decade. The first section provides a theoretical review of the factors contributing to divergences between de facto and de jure exchange regimes. The second section employs descriptive statistics and econometric models to empirically verify the nature of Tunisia's exchange regime during this period. By bridging theory with empirical evidence, this study seeks to contribute to the broader discourse on exchange regime transparency and its implications for economic governance in transitioning democracies.
Policy shifts are inevitable and often unpredictable, introducing uncertainty that influences individual and organizational decision-making. This uncertainty spans political, social, and economic domains, frequently reflecting recent events or anticipated developments. Economic policy changes, in particular, can destabilize markets, leading to heightened volatility and shifting correlations in stock prices. When governments introduce new policies or alter existing ones, the resulting uncertainty significantly impacts the financial and operational strategies of businesses. Baker and colleagues developed the Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) index as a comprehensive proxy to measure this uncertainty. Their findings suggest that EPU profoundly affects both microeconomic and macroeconomic factors. For businesses striving for sustainability, this volatile environment presents unique challenges and opportunities. Firms must navigate the dual pressures of adapting to evolving policy landscapes while maintaining long-term sustainability goals. This study explores the complex relationship between economic policy uncertainty and sustainable business practices. By analysing the effects of EPU on decision-making processes, investment patterns, and operational strategies, the research highlights how businesses can mitigate risks and leverage uncertainty as a driver for innovation and resilience. Understanding these dynamics provides critical insights for policymakers and organizations aiming to foster sustainable development in an unpredictable economic environment.
This paper explores the application of internal marketing (IM) as a strategic tool for gaining a competitive advantage in Korea's public medical sector. We argue that IM plays a pivotal role in enhancing organizational performance and achieving a competitive edge. Through an in-depth analysis, we investigate the relationships between IM, self-efficacy, internal customer satisfaction, service innovation, internal service quality, and competitive advantage. Our findings highlight the significant influence of IM on improving employee motivation, fostering innovation, and ensuring high-quality services, which ultimately contribute to the organization’s success in a competitive healthcare environment. The paper also emphasizes the importance of aligning internal marketing practices with the needs of employees, who are essential to delivering exceptional healthcare services. Finally, we provide both academic and practical insights, suggesting strategies for integrating IM into the public healthcare sector to enhance organizational effectiveness, improve patient care, and maintain a sustainable competitive advantage.